Audio-Visual Aids Utilization and Academic Performance of Students in Biology
Audio-Visual Aids Utilization and Academic Performance of Students in Biology
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of audio-visual aids utilization and academic performance of students in Biology in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area. Two research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design. The population consisting of all the secondary schools students in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area. The simple random sampling technique was used in the study, a maximum of 50 students were randomly selected from each of the four secondary schools that was selected which is made up of two hundred (200) students. The instrument for data collection was Biology Achievement Test (BAT) which consists of ten (10) questions.
The resulting data were analyzed using independent t-test. It was concluded that one hypothesis was accepted and one was rejected. Based on the findings, recommendations were suggested, which include, governments should install more audio-visual aids in schools and libraries to help in promoting teaching and learning process, all the schools in the state should be linked to national grade to enable them have electric light notwithstanding the location of the schools.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Delimitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Concept of Audiovisual Aids
2.2 Mean Performance Scores of Students exposed to Audiovisual Aids Utilization and those with
conventional Method
2.3 Mean Performance Scores of Male Students Exposed to the use of Audiovisual Aids and Female Students
who are not Exposed
2.4 Chapter Summary
CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Area
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and sampling size
3.5 Instrumentation for Data Collection
3.6 Validation of the Instruments
3.7 Administration of instrument
3.8 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR – DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
OF FINDINGS
4.1 Presentation of Result
4.2 Discussion of findings
CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
References
Questionnaire
Audio-Visual Aids Utilization and Academic Performance of Students in Biology
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Audio-visual Aids involves the use of recorded pictures and sounds in the classroom. It is one of the instructional strategies or materials which enhances effective teaching and learning of Biology in the secondary schools.
The term has also been defined by Dike (2003), as those materials which do not depend solely upon reading to convey meaning. They may present information through the sense of hearing as in audio resources, sight as in visual resources or through a combination of senses. Indeed the variety of such resources is a striking characteristic. He grouped Audio-visual aids into: Audio resources such as records, tapes, cassettes and radio broadcasts. Visuals resources including models real objects, three dimensional displays, chalkboard, bulletin board, adhesives graphs diagrams, charts, maps, cartons, posters and Pictures and projected forms like transparencies, slides, filmstrips and films.
Audi-visual aids are commonly used to refer to those instructional materials that may be used to convey meaning without complete dependence upon verbal symbols or language Anzaku (2011). Thus according to the above definition, a textbook or a reference material does not fall within this grouping of instructional materials but an illustration in a book does.
Some audio-visual components are in the nature of process and experience for example dramatizing an event or a procedure. Some Audio-visual materials like motion picture require the use of equipment to release their latent value. Some do not need equipment at all time an exhibit or a study print.
Anzaku further stated that audio-visual materials include materials and equipment that are considered to be system or body of content potential value when put to work whole equipment or instructions often referred to as hardware component are the means of presenting such content.
According to Edem Ntuk (2010). Instructional materials are human and non human resources which may be used by the learners in isolation or combination formally or informally to facilitate the acquisition and evaluation of knowledge, skill and moral. He added that an effective teacher can use the following materials for effective teaching:
- Projected materials
- None projected material
Projected visual require the use of optical or electronic devices to project images (still or opaque) on the screen for viewing. As a result, these require projections, skill equipment, materials and electricity. Non-projected visuals do not require any of these specified conditions before they can be presented or utilized for instructional purposes. Example of projected materials are Audio cassettes, disc (CDs), radio broadcast, record players, video cassette. TV broadcast, cinema etc while non projected materials are graphics, model, photographs charts, posters etc.
In laboratory Science, the use of audio-visual technology is particularly useful, as it enables the visualization of procedures and allows for deeper comprehension that obtained just through texture presentation Okworo (2008). In conclusion, instruction of audio-visual materials in both laboratory and secondary schools by government and effective utilization by teachers will minimized the statement that science students in secondary schools are poor in performance.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The study is motivated by the fact that students do not retain for long or understand what they are taught without audio-visual aids. Such learning does not encourage participation and lacks interest or stimulation. It is not based in sense experience nor does it extend their experience. Above all, such learning cannot be permanent. Yet, there is also evidence of low utilization and non availability of audio-visual aids in schools. The study will therefore investigate the audio-visual aids utilization and academic performance of students in secondary schools so that note will be taken of the hindrances and work towards promoting the used of audio-visual instructional materials (Aids).
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of audio-visual aids utilization and academic performance of students in Biology in secondary schools in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area.
Audio-Visual Aids Utilization and Academic Performance of Students in Biology
1.4 Significance of the Study
Audio-visual aids have been in existence for a long time, but they are often underutilized. it is expected that, following the identification of the hindrances to maximum performances of science students, the study will be of benefit to students, teachers and the society at large. Discoveries from the study will guide teachers, government, sponsoring bodies and donors on the purchase of not only printed materials (textbook) but also non-printed materials (Audio-visual) for schools for effective teaching and learning.
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study:
- There is no significant difference in the mean performance scores of students exposed to audio-visual aids and those not exposed to.
- There is no significant difference in the mean performance scores of male students exposed to the use of audio-visual aids and female students who are exposed to the use of audio-visual aids.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
The limitation experienced in the course of the study was the time given for the completion of the study, the time was inadequate, and financial constraint which was very hard for the researcher to expand the scope of the study.
1.7 Delimitation of the Study
The study was concentrated on audio visual aid utilization and academic performance of students in secondary school in Biology in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area.
1.8 Definition of Terms
The following terms were used in the study:
Audio: This is connected with hearing and recorded of sounds.
Visual: This is connected with seeing or sight.
Audio-visual: It involves using both sight and sound, typically in the form of images and recorded speech or music.
Aid: Aids is an instrument that assists the teacher in the effective communication of teaching and learning in the classroom.
Academic Performance: Is the outcome of education, the extent to which a students, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals.
Biology: Is the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy behaviour, origin and distribution.